Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Best Term Paper Writers That Only a Few People Know Exist

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Essay Bulimia Nervosa - 1311 Words

BULIMIA NERVOSA 307.51 (F50.2) Introduction Individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa undertake frequent binge eating, followed by expelling the food, typically by inducing vomiting, but also through exercising and the use of laxative agents, diuretics, and enemas (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The binge eating occurrences are often prompted by a negative perception of one’s body image, temporarily alleviated by the binge eating episode. Since the individual with bulimia nervosa is overanxious about body weight, purging of the food is viewed as a necessity. This is in contrast to binge eating disorder, which does not involve the purging of food after an excess of food consumption (Bulik et al., 2012). Furthermore, although†¦show more content†¦There is an additional feature that must be present alongside these symptoms in order for a patient to be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa: any binge eating events followed by compensation needs to be relatively frequent. Specifically, if these events take plac e at a minimum of one time per week – over a 3 month timespan – then a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa may be made. Although these are the symptoms that must be present in order for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa to be made, there are often other symptoms that accompany bulimia nervosa. Signs of psychosis have been found in patients with eating disorders like bulimia nervosa (Miotto et al., 2010). Moreover, those with bulimia nervosa frequently have the feeling that there is something flawed with their mind, and that others are at fault for their problems (Miotto et al., 2010). In addition, there is evidence that a feeling of loneliness is correlated with the occurrence of bulimia nervosa (Levine, 2012), highlighting the psychological dynamics that are at play behind this disorder. Causes of Bulimia Nervosa: from genetics to environment The environmental and biological mechanisms that underlie bulimia nervosa have been researched in some depth. The principle mechanisms that give rise to bulimia nervosa may be classified into two groups: genetic variables at play and environmental factors that impact the patient. There is a considerable body of evidenceShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa1042 Words   |  5 PagesAuthor: Haley McDaniel, Pharm.D. Candidate Date Answered: November 2, 2015 Question: 47. Should topiramate be considered for the treatment of bulimia nervosa? Answer: The drug Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted derivative from the monosaccharide D-fructose that is known for its anticonvulsant and antimigraine actions.1 Therefore, it is helpful for patients with seizures and migranes. Epilepsy is a specific example of what this drug is used to treat. Topiramate is different from otherRead MoreBulimia Nervosa Argument1639 Words   |  7 PagesBolanle Soyombo Cox AP Lit A2 April 18, 2012 Bulimia Nervosa: Argument Although bulimia nervosa can be treated in multiple fashions, there is a specific treatment that is proven to be the most effective in not only bulimia nervosa, but also other anxiety related disorders. This effective treatment is an specific form of short term psychotherapy. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is productive in both reducing the amount of times one may purge in a day and diminishing the entire disorder altogether;Read MoreEating Disorders : Bulimia Nervosa1383 Words   |  6 PagesBulimia Nervosa â€Å"Up to 30 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder† (Wade, Keski- Rahkonen, Hudson, 1995). There are many factors which contribute to the development of eating disorders including â€Å"biology, emotional health, and societal expectation, and other issues† (â€Å"Diseases and Conditions Bulimia nervosa†). One of the most prominent eating disorders in America and around the globe has been around since the Middle Ages: â€Å"Bulimia is first reliably described amongRead MoreBulimia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder1420 Words   |  6 PagesBulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that consists of the distortion on one’s body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight. It involves binge eating which is the rapid ingesting of large amounts of food, commonly followed by vomiting, fasting, or purging that is accompanied by depression. An individual with bulimia will attempt to avoid weight gain by vomiting or using laxatives, diu retics, or enemas. It is common to see a bulimic individual restrict their food intake or exercise excessivelyRead MoreBulimia Nervosa1676 Words   |  7 PagesBulimia Nervosa [also known as Bulimia] is a very serious and dangerous eating disorder. The disorder can be describe as bingeing and then followed by purging or a person who eats a large amount of food in short periods of time and then vomits after eating to prevent on gaining the weight cause by the food. There is different ways of going about ways to prevent the weight gain, making oneself throw up, taking pills, or laxatives which will increase how fast the food will move through your body, exercisingRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1452 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom it. Eating disorders can kill the victims if it is not treated in time. People who have eating disorders begin to experience deterioration of their bodies. The two major types of eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. One of the descriptions of anorexia nervosa was during the 12th and 13th centuries. A woman, Saint Catherine of Siena, ceased her intake of food for a spiritual denial of herself. During the 16th century people who had self-discipline and practiced abstentionRead MoreBulimia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder Essay2102 Words   |  9 PagesBulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that is most commonly found in women of teenage or young adult age (Herzog, D. B. (1982). This disorder can have very serious effects on the body. Some of these physical effects include â€Å"dental problems, inflamed esophagus, EEG abnormalities, abdominal or urinary disturbances, and changes in blood sugar level.† (Muuss, R. E. (1986). ) The mental and emotional tolls of this disorder can be equally as dangerous. According to Pompili, M., Girardi, P., Ruberto, ARead MoreThe Importance Of Treatment For Bulimia Nervosa2263 Words   |  10 Pagessignificance of treatment for Bulimia Nervosa as well as which way of treatment is best for Bulimia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the best treatments for Bulimia Nervosa. More emphasis on the question, is Bulimia Nervosa best treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or with antidepressants such as Adapin or Prozac? Furthermore, in the paper the results will indicate the efficacy of treatment of which method of treatment is best for Bulimia. Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by The DiagnosticRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1122 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are a few of the most common disorders struggled with today. Anorexia Nervosa is a condition of the intense fear to gain weight, which results in consistent lack of eating. Bulimia Nervosa, involves frequent episodes of binge eating followed by throwing up because of fear of gaining weight. The mortality rate for anorexia is the highest of all mental disorders yet the genetic factors relating them were not a huge concern to look into. It is easy to think thatRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa Essay1944 Words   |  8 Pagesobsessed, that they will start to see themselves as larger than they truly are and will take serious measures to accomplish their dream of being thin. This â€Å"thin fantasy† develops into eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Although anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both eating disorders where the person has a misperception of his or her own body and relies on starving/fasting, purging, and excessive exercise to lose weight, these conditions do vary in the way they are defined

Problems Facing Tourism and Hospitality Sector in Australia Report

Question: Discuss about theProblems Facing Tourism and Hospitality Sector in Australia Report. Answer: Introduction The chief problem explained in this report is some of the setbacks encountered in the Australian tourism and hospitality market, particularly about concerning quick evolution within the accommodation and air travel sector and the establishment of affordable airfare and an economical variety of hotels in the nation. There is need to mitigate the hiccups faced by this industry since it is one of the major contributors to the country`s economy. As such, I have employed several research sources and materials particularly books and journal articles to identify some of these aspects and the challenges emanating from them. Information Gathering Reasons for the Rapid Growth In the recent past, the aviation and accommodation sectors in the country have experienced tremendous growth and expansion. The aviation industry in Australia is projected to grow at a rate of 4-5% per year (Susan, 2017). The rapid growth of the two sectors is greatly attributed to the remarkable increase in both domestic and international tourism over the past several years. The international tourism to Australia has grown by a yearly average of 12.3% over the 1992-1997 period (Sharma, 2005). He adds that domestic travel in Australia has been growing at a rate of 3% per year. This means that a blend of the two has contributed immensely to the above-experienced growth. However, the growth in the country`s aviation sector has caused increased carbon emissions into the atmosphere due to jet fuel usage, and it may escalate into the near future (Susan, 2017). This is attributed to the high number of tourists using the low-cost carrier services in the nation all year round. This is an env ironmental problem. Although environmental legislation in Australia controls tourism development, it is less efficacious in operational areas due to the reliance on the tourism on environmental resources which are not managed by operators (Carter, 2004). The other evident reason is the low-cost airfare in the nation and the great distances across the country, which requires air transport for convenience. Australia is largely dependent on its air transport industry because of the immense distances across the nation and between urban centres (Panarat, 2014). He further says that due to the deregulation of domestic air travel market in Australia on the 30th October in the year 1990, low-cost carriers have come into the market and the LCC market has occurred in three phases. According to him, low-cost carriers had captivated about 64% of the market by the year 2010. He says that, however, the evolution of the Virgin Australia model of business from a low-cost carrier to a full-service network, starting in 2011, has caused a consequent decline in the low-cost carriers' market share to around 31% currently. He adds that Tiger Airways and Jet Star are the only major carriers currently operating in the market segment. This means that the LCC is facing the threat of being phased out by the full-service networks. The possibility of adverse effects of shifts in consumer demand is also of great concern. The potential for changing consumer demand patterns should concern for the Australian tourism industry (Lisa, 2013). Increased competition in the hotel accommodation industry is another key cause of its boom. Increasingly competitive settings have directed hotel managers` attention on reaping competitive advantage by optimizing the potential of their customer base (Lisa, 2013). She adds that according to findings of a survey of 165 Australian hotel managers, there is evidence that huge, highly market headed hotels with a decentralized structure employ more customer focused and marketing accounting practices. However, this stiff competition is causing the problem of hiked and ever fluctuating prices. Effect of Global Brands on the Local economy There are many worldwide hotel brands which impact either directly or indirectly on the Australian economy. Some of the brands have branches in the country too. The major effect is the creation of competition in the sector, which in turn causes improved services hence increased customer base. This then translates into high earnings thus economic growth. Globalization occurs, and consequently, national economies are integrated into one global economy with share features, and this implies that decisions made in one part of the globe impact other parts too (Andrew Martyn, 2004). They add that it has created opportunities for innovative entrepreneurs to enter the market and compete efficaciously. This has however led to the challenge of relaxed state regulation of the ethics and operations within this industry. Synergies for the Aviation and Accommodation Sectors There has been cooperation between the stakeholders in the two sectors. This is especially evidenced when airline companies, agencies, and tours enter into an agreement with hoteliers to transport their customers to their hotels and lodges. For some outdoor adventure lodges and game lodges, there is a linkage between them and the air transport operators, for instance, a gateway airport (Ralf, 2009). This serves the interests of the stakeholders in both these sectors since it is a win-win business deal. The teamwork is, however, facing the problem of selfish interests among some stakeholders in either or both of the sectors and this has a negative effect on the services provided. Overlap of the Two Sectors It is evident that the two sectors have something in common namely the pricing. Trends in one sector causing alterations in prices impacts the other sector`s prices too. Hotel accommodation is frequently clustered based on different pricing regimes involving airline discounting and supplemented with organized tours among other aspects (Norma, et al., 2004). As such, a fluctuation in the prices in the aviation sector impacts either directly or indirectly on the prices in the accommodation sectors. As a result, this poses the challenge of occasional loses for either of the two sectors New Building Program for Major Hotels In the recent, there has been the emergence of contemporary construction programs concerning key hotels in the country. This is especially in line with the growing industry and change in customer preferences. There is need to affirm the essence of local property markets in the building of hotels (Donald, 2011). The Asian-Pacific region is rising as possessing the greatest tourism growth rate in the world and is a critical part of the Australian hotel industry (Norma, et al., 2004). They go on to say that, with the rising popularity of Australia as a destination attracting overseas travelers and the establishment of the long-haul and considerably low-cost flights on 747 jumbos, there was a significant increase in inbound tourists accompanied by a vast building program involving the building of large, integrated hotels including four-to-five-star accommodation. This means that the modern building program for the large hotels is ideally the above-mentioned stars hotels. The main challen ge here is the expensive nature of executing such programs, which weighs heavily on investors. Emerging Markets for the Australian Tourism Industry The country`s tourism market has been growing and bringing in new customers particularly from outside the nation. This has brought along shifts in the way the sector is organized more so with the high number of international visitors being families coming along with their kids. By the fourth phase, international tourism will have its focus shifting from the beach to non-beach activities like theme parks and shopping at the upmarket (Caryl, et al., 2016). They add that Gold Coast implemented the model and is now the nations` tourist capital. The embrace of these new markets is quite slow and often causes friction in the sector. Brands from Budget to Luxury Not everybody can afford to stay at three-to five-star hotels, and some years back, Accor Group recognized the need for budget accommodation (Gary, et al., 2014). They add that the Group has 180 budget hotels in Australia and New Zealand under the brands of Pullman, MGallery, Sofitel, Grand Mercure, All Seasons, Formule 1, Novotel and Ibis. The hotel sector has recently been dominated by the emergence of budget accommodation market (Stephen, 2012). According to him, motels have come up especially in Australia and have emerged as a present feature of the accommodation sector. However, there have been new forms of accommodation like caravan parks and holiday parks (Stephen, 2012). Budget brand hotels offer a known consistent level standard services and amenities, all of which cannot be matched by independent hotels (Russel Judy, 2010). On the other hand, we have luxury hotels in the country. Peppers Palm Bay is one of the luxury resorts which conceits itself on seclusion, fine food and peace and is accessible only by helicopter (Simon, 2004). There are some other luxury hotels as follows; Cullen Bay in central Australia which charges $ 150 for dinner, Alatai Holiday Apartments, Mantra Esplanade and Feathers Sanctuary among other luxury hotels and resorts (Charles, et al., 2009). Attractions Australia has to offer International visitors Australia has a wide variety of tourism attractions it offers international tourists. This includes exquisite sandy beaches, wild animals, and music festivals like the popular annual Tamworth music festival, mountain hikes and multiple cultural heritages among many other alluring attractions. Conclusion The hospitality and tourism industry in Australia is thriving remarkably, but it faces some challenges which pull down its tremendous milestones this far. Recommendations The following are the recommendations I am suggesting to mitigate the above-noted setbacks in the Australian tourism and hospitality industry. There is need to ensure proper legislation to regulate the prices charged in the accommodation and aviation sectors to promote smooth running of the industry There should be reduced costs and incentives to investors willing and able to venture into the luxury hotel sector to encourage more investing into the expensive yet rewarding venture There should be more tourism promotions and marketing to the international community about the various tourist attractions Australia offers Proper legislation is needed to protect the local investors in these sectors from unfair competition from international ones while promoting quality, affordable and competitive products and services Reference Andrew, C. Martyn, G., 2004. General Studies.: Letts and Lonsdale. Carter, R., 2004. Improving Environmental Performance in the Tourism Accommodation Sector. Journal of Ecotourism, 3(1), pp. 46-68. Caryl, B., Aysin, D. Andrew, L. (ed.), 2016. Off the Plan: The Urbanization of the Gold Coast.: Csiro Publishing. Charles, R., Meg, W., Lindsay, B. Paul, H., 2009. Central Australia: Adelaide to Darwin.: Lonely Planet. Donald, M., 2011. `The Life and Death of Great Hotels: A Building Biography of Sydney`s The Australia`. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(1), pp. 149-163. Gary, A., Steward, A., Sara, D. Philip, K., 2014. Principles of Marketing.: Pearson Australia. Lisa, M., 2013. `Customer Accounting and Marketing Performance Measures in the Hotel Industry: Evidence from Australia`. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 33, pp. 140-152. Lisa, R., 2013. `Responding to Climate Change: Australian Tourism Industry Perspectives on Current Challenges and Future Directions`. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(1-2), pp. 35-51. Norma, D., Gillian, A. Sandra, W. (ed.), 2004. Human Resource Management: International Perspectives in Hospitality and Tourism.: Cengage Learning EMEA. Panarat, S., 2014. `The Evolution of Low-cost Carriers in Australia`. Aviation, 18(4), pp. 203-216. Ralf, B., 2009. Ecotourism: Principles and Practices.: CABI. Russel, A. Judy, S. (ed.), 2010. Strategic Hospitality Leadership: The Asian Initiative. Singapore: Wiley. Sharma, K., 2005. Tourism and Development. New Delhi: Sarup Sons. Simon, S. J., 2004. Beautiful Accommodation in Queensland, Australia.: Invermay Press. Stephen, J., 2012. Tourism Management.: Routledge. Susan, M., 2017. Advancing Toward Alternative Aviation Fuel Production in Australia. Industrial Biotechnology.

The Effects Of Violence In Media On Society Today Essays

The Effects of Violence in Media on Society Today Refinance now homeowner even if you have bad credit. 185 loc The Effects of Violence in Media on Society Today Is societies violence the media's fault? This is the question that has been asked since before television was in every American's house. Of course there are the different types of media today ranging from newspapers, to on-line reports and stories. There have been arguments upon arguments about this issue, and over 3,000 studies conducted. Unfortunately there isn't one single result, there is only an array of supposed answers to this undying question. CBS president, Howard Stringer is pointing to a different scapegoat for society's violence. "I come from a country ... that puts a lot of American movies on and has more graphic violence within it's live drama on the BBC than anywhere else, and there is a lot less violence in the United Kingdom than there is here. There are 200 million guns in America, and that has a lot to do with violence." He feels it has to do with gun control, which others have suggested. But there are so many violent acts, that one can't focus on the guns, just like one can't focus on the media. David Phillips, one of the men we discuss later put it perfectly, "It's like watching rain fall on a pond and trying to figure out which drop causes which ripple." There have been many studies conducted on the effects of violence on children, and on the effects on society as a whole. There have been about 3,000 studies performed on this topic. Two of the most prolific studies were the UCLA Television Violence Monitoring Report, and the Mediascope, Inc. test sponsored by the National Cable Television Association. Of course there were many other studies done, but these made headlines because of their results. The UCLA study focused on all of the television media, and discovered some interesting facts from their study. Prime Time Series raised the least concern. Theatrical films raised more concern and had a lot more violence. The Saturday morning cartoons had mixed reviews. 23% of the cartoons raised concern, but that was only rating the most popular cartoons: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, X-Men, etc. They termed the action in cartoons as "Sinister Combat Violence" which basically means the whole story line leads to violence. Mediascope, Inc. focused on the amount and context on cable, effectiveness of rating systems and parental advisories, and the success of anti-violent messages. They found that perpetrators go unpunished in 73% of all violent scenes, one out of four violent interactions involved the use of handguns, and premium cable channels present the highest percentage of violent programs (85%). There was more to their findings, but these were the more prevalent findings. University of Michigan psychologists Dr. Leonard Eron and Dr. Rowell Huesmann conducted a study, which continued for decades. This was conducted beginning in 1960. They took 800 eight-year-olds and found that children who watched many hours of violent television tended to be more aggressive in the playground and the classroom. They checked back with these kids 11 and 22 years later. They found the aggressive eight-year-olds grew up to become even more aggressive. They testified before congress in 1992 stating, "Television violence affects youngsters of all ages, of both genders, at all socioeconomic levels and all levels of intelligence. The effect is not limited to children who are already disposed to being aggressive and is not restricted to this country." David Phillips, a scientist at the University of California in San Diego conducted a study on prizefights on television. He thought of this topic, because he felt there wasn't enough research being conducted on the copycat violence. He found that after prize fights on television, there would be about a 10 percent increase in murders for a few days afterwards. He quoted, "It also seems to be the case that the kind of person killed just after the prizefight is similar to the person beaten in the prize fight." There are four major theories of television violence. The "arousal" theory, the "social learning" theory, the "disinhibition hypothesis," and the "catharsis hypothesis." These four hypothesis/theories are old and new conclusions to the question at hand. It is notable to see that some of these theories were stated as early as 1961. Most would have to disagree with these theories just because of the age of their births, but to most people's surprise they still hold in the 21st century. The arousal theory is basically self-explanatory. This was theorized by P.H. Tannenbaum in 1975. He said exposure

A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

A Streetcar Named Desire Essays A Streetcar Named Desire Paper A Streetcar Named Desire Paper Essay Topic: A Streetcar Named Desire Literature Some critics suggest that Williams takes no sides in the conflict between Blanche Stanley. Do you agree? I feel that this statement is partially untrue; at certain points through the play Williams chooses a side to tell the story from rather than a favourite character. Blanches initial character was to represent that of Williams and Stanleys, the bad aspects of life that abuse the weak. Although saying this about Stanley he does show some true good qualities and genuine emotions within the play and at the same time Blanche shows the whit and knowledge to rise above Stanley. Throughout A Streetcar Named Desire Williams can switch from one character to another in who he is favouring, and who has the power in the scene can change almost instantly with either force from Stanley or a quick witted line from Blanche. He portrays faults in both Stanley and Blanche and we see from the very beginning of the play that they have many differences, starting from their backgrounds and upbringing. The only thing that ties them together and the one reason they are introduced is Stella, Stanleys wife and Blanches sister. The awkward first meeting shows the ower struggle immediately from the first scene, although both characters are civil towards each other, even though it may be difficult for Stanley. [Drawing involuntarily back from his stare]: You must be Stanley. Im Blanche. Blanche is the visitor and yet is the one to start the conversation. She has introduced herself to Stanley in his own house. The audience would expect him to be a bit more welcoming and instead he is quite hostile towards her, Stanley has no respect from women and sees them as either sex objects or someone to clean up after him his lack of respect is also shown when he begins making conversation with er whilst removing his clothes, has also has absolutely no respect for what others think or if they would be uncomfortable with a half naked man around. He does ask if its all right to remove his top after his long day at work but before she replies has already removed it, he just assumes that she will be happy as she is in his home. This shows he is not really interested in her answer and it was just a formality and it was just a shocking moment of politeness that he even asked. Blanche thinks she can use this for an advantage to herself, he would be so simple, like a toy for her to play ith and manipulate, it seems apparent that she is not ware of how strong his character actually is. There are quite a few scenes within the play where it seems that Blanche has the upper hand in what is going on, showing slight favouritism from Williams. In scene two for example as Blanche is getting changed, Stanley is outside getting quite annoyed and almost reverts to the animal within him, shown when he starts throwing her belongings and acting irrationally at the amount of belongings Blanche has and how expensive he believes they are, Stanley assumes that Blanche has swindled the Kowalskis out of money when Belle Reeve was lost to the family. As Blanche enters from the bathroom the conversation ensues. At first Blanche seems to belittle Stanley and his supposed manly card game, making it almost seem like a childs game with his child-like friends I understand theres to be a little card part to which we ladies are cordially not invited. Beginning the conversation with this gives Blanche the upper hand from the start. During their lengthy discussion a battle takes place for control which switches places many times. When ou walked in here last night, I said to myself My sisters married a man of course that was all I could tell about you This shows Blanche to be flattering and rather flirtatious giving her the upper hand. An example of Stanley getting control is when he shouts [booming] now lets cut the re-bop! This is a clear indication that Stanley uses a more violent way of getting his own way, whereas Blanche prefers to out wit or flatter her victims. He hasnt been fooled by Blanches flattery and he seems fed up with it, with this comes his control of the conversation and with slight suggestion that Williams favours him at this point. Yet at the end of their part in scene two it is Blanche who comes out on top and in control with the power. Here all of them are, all papers I herby endow you with them! here Stanley cant respond with anything as it seems like he has got what he wishes but it is Blanche with the last words. On the other hand when Stanley mentions the baby he may regain some of that control by sharing a secret Blanche doesnt know and playing Blanche with her own games, by being smart mouthed and using his intelligence rather than brute force. Williams takes no sides in deciding Blan che and Stanleys personalities. They are both portrayed as bad people. Stanley, a rapist and a dominant husband who always wants things his way and Blanche being a former prostitute whos outspoken even when it is rude. One instance of this is when she firsts meets with Stella after a long time apart. But you, youve put on some weight, yes, youre just as plump as a partridge. It seems the ordeal she faced in Belle Reeve has turned her bitter and now she resents her sister; this can be shown when she talks to Stella about what happened. How in hell do you think all that sickness and dying was paid for? Death is expensive, Miss Stella Sit there and stare at me, thinking I let the place go! There is evidence of Stanley always wanting his way is in scene three, when the card game takes place, he feels that he has all control in the house and doesnt need permission or feel the need to ask out of common courtesy. [Stanley stalks fiercely through the portieres into the bedroom. He crosses to the small white radio and snatches it off the table. With a shouted oath, he tosses the instrument out of the window] He doesnt consider the fun that Blanche and Mitch are having hilst listening to the radio, or the possibilities Mitch has of forming a relationship with Blanche all he cares about is what he wants happens. Williams not only shows Stanleys fierce animal behaviour but his lack of consideration for others. The ending to this play actually seems to lean in Stanleys favour. After raping Blanche and keeping his wife, including newborn son, the fact that Blanche is leaving is another added bonus seeing as he has regained control and power over his house. Whats more is that because Blanches growing insanity peaks at the end of the play, Stella seems to have no choice but to elieve Stanley is telling the truth when saying Blanche lied about the rape as Blanches state of mind does her no favours when it comes to who is telling the truth. On the other hand one person doesnt believe him, and that is Mitch. [Fiercely] you, you done this, all o your God damn interfering with things Having angered one of his best friends Stanley hasnt won everything in the end. The interesting thing about A streetcar named desire is that the play and the feature film have different endings, with the film showing Stella leaves Stanley at the end, permanently. Judging on this ending I believe that Williams takes no sides in the conflict between Blanche and Stanley as Blanche may go to a mental institution, but Stanley looses everything dear to him. Although it isnt what Williams wrote, it is a more audience friendly ending with the bad character getting found out. This was designed specifically for cinema so good has to conquer evil, even if it is only a minor win of the battle. Although Stanley seems to get the last laugh in the play, throughout it I believe Williams shows them both equally in personalities, lines and their endings.

Ikrandraco - Facts and Figures

Ikrandraco - Facts and Figures Name Ikdrandraco (Ikran dragon, after the flying creatures from Avatar); pronounced EE-krahn-DRAY-coe Habitat Rivers and lakes of Asia Historical Period Early Cretaceous (120 million years ago) Size and Weight About 30 inches long and a few pounds Diet Fish Distinguishing Characteristics Moderate size; distinctive bill structure; possible throat patch for holding fish About Ikrandraco Ikrandraco is an odd choice to honor the Ikran, or mountain banshees, of Avatar: this early Cretaceous pterosaur was only about two and a half feet long and a few pounds, whereas the Ikran from the hit movie are majestic, horse-sized, flying creatures that the Navi ride into battle against their human antagonists. Once you get past its name, though, Ikrandraco avatar may have been a truly unique pterosaur: some paleontologists claim that it had a pouch on the underside of its distinctively shaped bill in which it stored recently caught fish, which would make it similar to the modern pelican. However, not everyone is convinced by this putative anatomical feature of Ikrandraco (made of soft tissue, a throat pouch would have no chance of surviving in the fossil record), nor by the hypothesis that this pterosaur skimmed over the surface of lakes and trapped wiggling prey in its submerged lower jaw. The fact is that it can be difficult to infer the everyday behavior of a 120-million-year-old reptile by analogy with modern birds, and the possibility remains that Ikrandraco fed in more conventional fashion, like other pterosaurs of the early Cretaceous period, simply diving into the water and swallowing its fill of fish.

Multi Culture Models of Health and Social Inclusion Essay

Multi Culture Models of Health and Social Inclusion - Essay Example This essay stresses that people with learning disability are always faced with a lot of difficulties when accessing health care in the United Kingdom. One major source of difficulty is that they are unable to access relevant and adequate information regarding their problems, and the various health care agencies that have the capability of solving their problems. For instance, people who are deaf are unable to get an access to certain health care advertisements, basically because these advertisements are not able to use languages that deaf people can understand. On this note, these people might not gain an access to the health care information being passed, and thus it may compromise their health status. Life expectancy of people with learning disability is also short. For instance, in the year 1929, the life expectancy of a child who was born with a learning disability was 9 years.   As the discussion highlights  in the periods of 1930s, the average death of a person living with learning disability rose to 22 years for women, and 15 years for men. However, in the current years, the average death rate for a person living with learning disability has risen to 35 years. This is still a very low age, and hence this health issue has to be tackled.   Others include low expectation of services, mainly because of a previous bad experience when they went to seek medical attention, and certain problems or diseases only associated with learning disabilities

Security findemental (Work place violence policy exerise) Essay

Security findemental (Work place violence policy exerise) - Essay Example Thus, policies are usually applicable in normal and ideal conditions. Policies are common in workplaces, institutions, teams, boards, and committees. In places where the people involved are in different groups, each group usually has its own policies to follow. Policies are usually short, precise, and accurate. Policies usually define later or possible courses of action that should be followed in varying circumstances. Generally, policies control the particular actions of concerned people in different circumstances or times. A security policy is of paramount importance in any workplace. It defines and guides the particular doings of employees regarding the maintaining of peace and calm in a workplace, and possible actions should the situation turn violent (Karen, 58). This paper seeks to examine and outline the security policy of ABC Company. It describes the possible actions that employees should take in case of physical danger in the company, from either outside or within the premises. The security manager has drafted this particular policy and its purpose is to guide the actions of all employees in the event of issues concerning workplace violence and possible physical harm like gun threats in the company. When outlining this policy, the security manager has taken into consideration that potential sources of harm can be from outsiders or from fellow employees. The ABC company security team upholds nil lenience to any kind of violent behavior within the company. The intention of this policy is to offer guidance that will preserve an atmosphere at and inside the company premises and proceedings that are void of hostility or any threat of aggression. Aggressive character or any example or form of hostility, direct or indirect, is forbidden at ABC Company, its grounds, and at any occasions or ceremonies of the company. Such behavior by a

Jungs View of Religion Essay Example for Free

Jungs View of Religion Essay I will be explaining Jung understands and his views of religion. Jung first starts with the key concept of the mind which is the three concepts of consciousness – consciousness, personal unconsciousness and the collective consciousness. Consciousness is where we actively make decisions and choices. The thoughts are based on a sensory experience e. g. the things we see, smell, hear, touch and taste. These are directly accessible. The personal conscious is out thoughts, feelings, urges which are difficult to bring to the consciousness and they are not directly accessible. They have been environmentally determined. The collective unconsciousness is inherited and the thoughts are shared by everyone – archetypes (inherited ideas: first prints or partners that form the basic blue print for major dynamic counterparts of the human personality. ) Jung believes that the archetypes pre exist in the collective unconscious of humanity. They determine how we both perceive and behave. Archetypes are the source of the ideas or images that is inherited instead of the ideas themselves. The experiences you have construct/create uniform images. We inherit a functional disposition to produce the same or very similar ideas not inherit the idea. This is the reason for a dream dictionary, for example a person could be dreaming that their friend is falling. So the falling is the image drawn from the archetype and the friend is from their experience. So the collective unconscious means that many of our ideas will be shared with people. There are different types of shared archetype examples are: the person – this is the mask that covers out true natures for the benefit of society. The mask could be good impressions of what is expected of us by others or the false impression to manipulate others behaviour and opinions. In our dreams the may manifest itself in images of ourselves appearing at a party in disguise. The shadow – this is our darker sides of us. In dreams it might reveal itself in the form of personification of evil e. g. Satan or monster. It could be deeper of our personality identity beings to be lost and individuals experience the chaos of getting closer to the material structure of psychic life. This commonly is found in the woods. The animus – is the masculine side of a female. They may appear as an exotic, sensual, young man or as heroes. The anima – is the female side of a male. They may appear as a  dancing girl, seductresses or goddess. Jung believes that the way neuroses(mental illness is caused by being psychically imbalanced) occurs is that it arises from being psychically imbalanced (so we become mentally ill if the when the psychic energy – psychological energy by which the work of the personality is performed isn’t flowing as well as it could. To maintain mental health all of the features of the personality need to be balanced so the psychic flows properly. There needs to be a balance between conscious and unconscious and the different archetype. If you fail to do this according to Jung this causes a mental disorder. Jung says through individuation (figuring out who you are and becoming your own self) you become psychically balanced personality through the addition of the range of archetypes into the conscious personality. There are two main process of individuation; the first part is when they come to terms with the outer environment with its challenges through work, friendship and relationship. The second part is from a middle age onwards is to come to terms with one’s own personality. For example a mid-life crisis, this is when someone is in the middle of their life they want what they never had in their youth age e.g. a sports car. They want to become psychically balanced as they missed out when they was youths. The things that come from the archetype such as images or thoughts are considered to be religious. Jung redefines religious thought as the numinous. This relies on Rudolf Otto’s understanding of the religious or numinous experience. According to Otto’s a numinous experience affects our consciousness which is caused by something external to our consciousness. Any experience which is archetypal in origin can be stated as religious. All archetypal images are ineffable (indescribable) . Our images of god are themselves archetypal. The concept of god is one of these primordial images (an archetype). Everyone is born with the tendency to generate religious images of god and angels . the actual image that we have of god are through our experiences in the world. An example of a case study is where Miss Miller had a dream about a moth’s desire for light. Jung said this parallel between god and light can be found in countless religious traditions e. g. the Aztec preoccupation with the sun and the Christian view of Jesus as ‘light of the world’. The role of religion is the process of individuation. The two reasons he gave was the self archetype this guides and controlled the innate process of individuation. Individuation is a religious process. The second reason is the self archetype generates images of wholeness. For example the mandala – means circle and is perfectly balanced, the design is symmetrical which represents the balance and wholeness same with Islamic art instead the repetitive patterns to show his eternality. Jung argues that god images are beneficial to our health. The images are used by the mind to individuate the personality, the personality then achieve its goal of integration. Religion now becomes clear, the ones that reject religion are therefore less likely to individuate successfully and is most likely to experience neurosis as a result. Jung concludes that the existence of an actual god is similar to Freud’s – there is no proof either way. We don’t know where the archetype actually comes from and we don’t know the origin of the-psyche because there are ineffable. As a psychic reality – god is real to those who experience the effect of archetypes. Jung always considered religious beliefs to be a natural expression of the collective unconscious.

Essay on the Genius of Ralph Ellison -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Genius of Ralph Ellison      Ã‚   I am an invisible man. With these five words, Ralph Ellison ignited the literary world with a work that commanded the respect of scholars everywhere and opened the floodgates for dialogue about the role of African-Americans in American society, the blindness that drove the nation to prejudice, and racial pluralism as a forum for recognizing the interconnection between all members of society regardless of race. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. . . . That invisibility to which I refer occurs because of a peculiar disposition of the eyes of those with whom I come in contact. A matter of the construction of their inner eyes, those eyes with which they look through their physical eyes upon reality (Ellison, 1). Roughly autobiographical in nature, Ellison's Invisible Man is also a chronology constructed to parallel the history of African-Americans, from slavery, Emancipation, subjugation, and a rising consciousness of injustice perpetrated against them. However, Ellison's literary finesse produced an opus that draws in every member of American society. Rather than alienating whites by portraying a man victimized by a racist system, Ellison appeals to the universal needs of humanity to be valued, recognized, and respected. Through his portrayal of an enigmatic, complex, invisible protagonist he makes the reader reflect upon the societal dynamics that marginalize people and create the unsettling climate that the protagonist's needs and feelings may be identical to those of the reader. Ellison's life has been called representative of that of African-Americans of his era. Born in 1914 to parents of farming and small business backgrounds, he grew up in O... ...s movement, to the current crossroads of affirmative action and other contemporary race issues. He transformed these issues from being matters of race to matters of humanity.    I am an invisible man. The pain of racism and diminished humanity rings through the work. Ellison's own life met with many of the same challenges, yet he made the story one not limited to the African American community. As the last sentence of the book asks, Who knows but that, on the lower frequencies, I speak for you?    Bibliography Bloom, Harold. Ed. Modern Critical Interpretations: Invisible Man. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. 1999. Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York: Random House. 1952. Ellison, Ralph. Juneteenth. New York: Random House. 1999. McSweeny, Kerry. Invisible Man: Race and Identity. Boston: Twayne Publishers. 1988.      

The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Thirteen

â€Å"You think we're supposed to-look inside?† Matt said. â€Å"I don't know,† Elena said miserably. She didn't want to see what was inside that tomb now any more than she had when Tyler had suggested opening it to vandalize it. â€Å"Maybe we won't be able to get it open,† she added. â€Å"Tyler and Dick couldn't. It started to slide only when I leaned on it.† â€Å"Lean on it now; maybe there's some sort of hidden spring mechanism,† Alaric suggested, and when Elena did, with no results, he said, â€Å"All right, let's all get a grip, and brace ourselves-like this. Come on, now-â€Å" From his crouch, he looked up at Damon, who was standing motionless next to the tomb, looking faintly amused. â€Å"Excuse me,† Damon said, and Alaric stepped back, frowning. Damon and Stefan each gripped an end of the stone lid and lifted. The lid came away, making a grinding sound as Damon and Stefan slid it to the ground on one side of the tomb. Elena couldn't bring herself to move closer. Instead, fighting nausea, she concentrated on Stefan's expression. It would tell her what was to be found in there. Pictures crashed through her mind, of parchment-colored mummified bodies, of rotting corpses, of grinning skulls. If Stefan looked horrified or sickened, disgusted†¦ But as Stefan looked into the open tomb, his face registered only disconcerted surprise. Elena couldn't stand it any longer. â€Å"What is it?† He gave her a crooked smile and said with a glance at Bonnie, â€Å"Come and see.† Elena inched up to the tomb and looked down. Then her head flew up, and she regarded Stefan in astonishment. â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"I don't know,† he replied. He turned to Meredith and Alaric. â€Å"Does either of you have a flashlight? Or some rope?† After a look inside the stone box, they both headed for their cars. Elena remained where she was, staring down, straining her night vision. She still couldn't believe it. The tomb was not a tomb, but a doorway. Now she understood why she had felt a cold wind blow from it when it had shifted beneath her hand that night. She was looking down into a kind of vault or cellar in the ground. She could see only one wall, the one that dropped straight down below her, and that one had iron rungs driven into the stone, like a ladder. â€Å"Here you go,† Meredith said to Stefan, returning. â€Å"Alaric's got a flashlight, and here's mine. And here's the rope Elena put in my car when we went looking for you.† The narrow beam of Meredith's flashlight swept the dark room below. â€Å"I can't see very far inside, but it looks empty,† Stefan said. â€Å"I'll go down first.† Bonnie hadn't moved. She was still standing there with that utterly abstracted expression on her face, as if she saw nothing around her. Without a word, she swung a leg over the edge of the tomb, twisted, and began to descend. â€Å"Whoa,† said Stefan. He tucked the flashlight in his jacket pocket, put a hand on the tomb's foot, and jumped. Elena had no time to enjoy Alaric's expression; she leaned down and shouted, â€Å"Are you okay?† â€Å"Fine.† The flashlight winked at her from below. â€Å"Bonnie will be all right, too. The rungs go all the way down. Better bring the rope anyway.† Elena looked at Matt, who was closest. His blue eyes met hers with helplessness and a certain resignation, and he nodded. She took a deep breath and put a hand on the foot of the tomb as Stefan had. Another hand suddenly clamped on her wrist. â€Å"I've just thought of something,† Meredith said grimly. â€Å"What if Bonnie's entity is the Other Power?† â€Å"I thought of that a long time ago,† Elena said. She patted Meredith's hand, pried it off, and jumped. She stood up into Stefan's supporting arm and looked around. â€Å"My God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was a strange place. The walls were faced with stone. They were smooth and almost polished-looking. Driven into them at intervals were iron candelabra, some of which had the remains of wax candles in them. Elena could not see the other end of the room, but the flashlight showed a wrought-iron gate quite close, like the gate in some churches used to screen off an altar. Bonnie was just reaching the bottom of the rung ladder. She waited silently while the others descended, first Matt, then Meredith, then Alaric with the other flashlight. Elena looked up. â€Å"Damon?† She could see his silhouette against the lighter black rectangle that was the tomb's opening to the sky. â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Are you with us?† she asked. Not â€Å"Are you coming with us?† She knew he would understand the difference. She waited five heartbeats in the silence that followed. Six, seven, eight†¦ There was a rush of air, and Damon landed neatly. But he didn't look at Elena. His eyes were oddly distant, and she could read nothing in his face. â€Å"It's a crypt,† Alaric was saying in wonder, as his flashlight scythed through the darkness. â€Å"An underground chamber beneath a church, used as a burial place. They're usually built under larger churches.† Bonnie walked straight up to the scrolled gate and placed one small white hand on it, opening it. It swung away from her. Bonnie walked straight up to the scrolled gate and placed one small white hand on it, opening it. It swung away from her. Bonnie stopped. This is it, thought Elena, her breath catching in her throat. Oh, my God, this is it; this is really it. She had the sudden intense sensation of being in the middle of a lucid dream, one where she knew she was dreaming but couldn't change anything or wake up. Her muscles deadlocked. She could smell fear from the others, and she could feel the sharp edge of it from Stefan beside her. His flashlight skimmed over objects beyond Bonnie, but at first Elena's eyes could make no sense of them. She saw angles, planes, contours, and then something leaped into focus. A dead-white face, hanging grotesquely sideways †¦ The scream never got out of her throat. It was only a statue, and the features were familiar. They were the same as on the lid of the tomb above. This tomb was the twin of the one they had come through. Except that this one had been ravaged, the stone lid broken in two and flung against the wall of the crypt. Something was scattered about the floor like fragile ivory sticks. Bits of marble, Elena told her brain desperately; it's only marble, bits of marble. They were human bones, splintered and crushed. Bonnie turned around. Her heart-shaped face swung as if those fixed blank eyes were surveying the group. She ended directly facing Elena. Then, with a shudder, she stumbled and pitched violently forward like a marionette whose strings have been cut. Elena barely caught her, half falling herself. â€Å"Bonnie? Bonnie?† The brown eyes that looked up at her, dilated and disoriented, were Bonnie's own frightened eyes. â€Å"But what happened?† Elena demanded. â€Å"Where did it go?† â€Å"I am here.† Above the plundered tomb, a hazy light was showing. No, not a light, Elena thought. She was sensing it with her eyes, but it was not light in the normal spectrum. This was something stranger than infrared or ultraviolet, something human senses had not been built to see. It was being revealed to her, forced on her brain, by some outside Power. â€Å"The Other Power,† she whispered, her blood freezing. â€Å"No, Elena.† The voice was not sound, in the same way that the vision was not light. It was quiet as star shine, and sad. It reminded her of something. â€Å"I've been waiting for you,† Honoria Fell's voice said softly. â€Å"Here I can speak to you at last in my own form, and not through Bonnie's lips. Listen to me. Your time is short, and the danger is very great.† Elena found her tongue. â€Å"But what is this room? Why did you bring us here?† â€Å"You asked me to. I couldn't show you until you asked. This is your battleground.† â€Å"I don't understand.† â€Å"This crypt was built for me by the people of Fell's Church. A resting place for my body. A secret place for one who had secret powers in life. Like Bonnie, I knew things no one else could know. I saw things no one else could see.† â€Å"You were psychic,† Bonnie whispered huskily. â€Å"In those days, they called it witchery. But I never used my powers for harm, and when I died they built me this monument so that my husband and I could lie in peace. But then, after many years, our peace was disturbed.† The eldritch light ebbed and flowed, Honoria's form wavering. â€Å"Another Power came to Fell's Church, full of hatred and destruction. It defiled my resting place and scattered my bones. It made its home here. It went out to work evil against my town. I woke. â€Å"I have tried to warn you against it from the beginning, Elena. It lives here below the graveyard. It has been waiting for you, watching you. Sometimes in the form of an owl-â€Å" An owl. Elena's mind raced ahead. An owl, like the owl she had seen nesting in the belfry of the church. Like the owl that had been in the barn, like the owl in the black locust tree by her house. White owl†¦ hunting bird†¦ flesh eater†¦ she thought. And then she remembered great white wings that seemed to stretch to the horizon on either side. A great bird made of mist or snow, coming after her, focused on her, full of bloodlust and animal hate†¦ â€Å"No!† she cried, memory engulfing her. She felt Stefan's hands on her shoulders, his fingers digging in almost painfully. It brought her back to reality. Honoria Fell was still speaking. â€Å"And you, Stefan, it has been watching you. It hated you before it hated Elena. It has been tormenting you and playing with you like a cat with a mouse. It hates those you love. It is full of poisoned love itself.† Elena looked involuntarily behind her. She saw Meredith, Alaric, and Matt standing frozen. Bonnie and Stefan were next to her. But Damon†¦ where was Damon? â€Å"The Snow Dance!† Meredith said sharply. â€Å"Yes. And this time they will kill until the last of them is killed.† â€Å"We have to warn those people,† Matt said. â€Å"Everyone at that dance-â€Å" â€Å"You will never be safe until the mind that controls them is destroyed. The killing will go on. You must destroy the Power that hates; that is why I have brought you here.† There was another flux in the light; it seemed to be receding. â€Å"You have the courage, if you can find it. Be strong. This is the only help I can give you.† â€Å"Wait-please-† Elena began. The voice continued relentlessly, taking no heed of her. â€Å"Bonnie, you have a choice. Your secret powers are a responsibility. They are also a gift, and one that can be taken away. Do you choose to relinquish them?† â€Å"I-† Bonnie shook her head, frightened. â€Å"I don't know. I need time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"There is no time. Choose.† The light was dwindling, caving in on itself. Bonnie's eyes were bewildered and uncertain as she searched Elena's face for help. â€Å"It's your choice,† Elena whispered. â€Å"You have to decide for yourself.† Slowly, the uncertainty left Bonnie's face, and she nodded. She stood away from Elena, without support, turning back to the light. â€Å"I'll keep them,† she said huskily. â€Å"I'll deal with them somehow. My grandmother did.† There was a flicker of something like amusement from the light. â€Å"You've chosen wisely. May you use them as well. This is the last time I will speak to you.† â€Å"But-â€Å" â€Å"I have earned my rest. The fight is yours.† And the glow faded, like the last embers of a dying fire. With it gone, Elena could feel the pressure all around her. Something was going to happen. Some crushing force was coming toward them, or hanging over them. â€Å"Stefan-â€Å" Stefan felt it too; she could tell. â€Å"Come on,† Bonnie said, her voice panicked. â€Å"We have to get out of here.† â€Å"We have to get to the dance,† Matt gasped. His face was white. â€Å"We have to help them-â€Å" â€Å"Fire,† cried Bonnie, looking startled, as if the thought had just come to her. â€Å"Fire won't kill them, but it will hold them off-â€Å" â€Å"Alaric.† Stefan spoke with the ring of command. â€Å"You go back. Take the others; do what you can. I'll stay-â€Å" â€Å"I think we all should leave!† Alaric shouted. He had to shout to be heard over the deafening noise surrounding them. His weaving flashlight showed Elena something she hadn't noticed before. In the wall next to her was a gaping hole, as if the stone facing had been ripped away. And beyond was a tunnel into the raw earth, black and endless. Where does it go? Elena wondered, but the thought was lost among the tumult of her fear. White owl†¦ hunting bird†¦ flesh eater†¦ crow, she thought, and suddenly she knew with blinding clarity what she was afraid of. â€Å"Where's Damon?† she screamed, dragging Stefan around as she turned, looking. â€Å"Where's Damon?† â€Å"Get out!† cried Bonnie, her voice shrill with terror. She threw herself toward the gate just as the sound split the darkness. It was a snarl, but not a dog's snarl. It could never be mistaken for that. It was so much deeper, heavier, more resonant. It was a huge sound, and it reeked of the jungle, of the hunting bloodlust. It reverberated in Elena's chest, jarred her bones. It paralyzed her. The sound came again, hungry and savage, but somehow almost lazy. That confident. And with it came heavy footfalls from the tunnel. Bonnie was trying to scream, making only a thin whistling sound. In the blackness of the tunnel, something was coming. A shape that moved with a rangy feline swing. Elena recognized the snarl now. It was the sound of the largest of the hunting cats, larger than a lion. The tiger's eyes showed yellow as it reached the end of the tunnel. And then everything happened at once. Elena felt Stefan try to pull her backward to get her out of the way. But her own petrified muscles were a hindrance to him, and she knew that it was too late. The tiger's leap was grace itself, powerful muscles launching it into the air. In that instant, she saw it as if caught in the light of a flashbulb, and her mind noted the lean shining flanks and the supple backbone. But her voice screamed out on its own. â€Å"Damon, no!† It was only as the black wolf sprang out of the darkness to meet it that she realized the tiger was white. The great cat's rush was thrown off by the wolf, and Elena felt Stefan wrench her out of the way, pulling her sideways to safety. Her muscles had melted like snowflakes, and she yielded numbly as he put her against the wall. The lid of the tomb was between her and the snarling white shape now, but the gate was on the other side of the fight. It was an impossible match. The black wolf, vicious and aggressive though it might be, didn't stand a chance. One swipe of the tiger's huge claws laid the wolf's shoulder open to the bone. Its jaws snarled open as it tried to get a bone-cracking grip on the wolf's neck. But then Stefan was there, training the blaze of the flashlight into the cat's eyes, thrusting the wounded wolf out of the way. Elena wished she could scream, wished she could do something to release this rushing ache inside her. She didn't understand; she didn't understand anything. Stefan was in danger. But she couldn't move. â€Å"Get out!† Stefan was shouting to the others. â€Å"Do it now; get out!† Faster than any human, he darted out of the way of a white paw, keeping the light in the tiger's eyes. Meredith was on the other side of the gate now. Matt was half carrying and half dragging Bonnie. Alaric was through. The tiger lunged and the gate crashed shut. Stefan fell to the side, slipping as he tried to scramble up again. â€Å"We won't leave you-† Alaric cried. â€Å"Go!† shouted Stefan. â€Å"Get to the dance; do what you can! Go!† The wolf was attacking again, despite the bleeding wounds in its head, and its shoulder where muscle and tendon lay exposed and shining. The tiger fought back. The animal sounds rose to a volume that Elena couldn't stand. Meredith and the others were gone; Alaric's flashlight had disappeared. â€Å"Stefan!† she screamed, seeing him poised to jump into the fight again. If he died, she would die, too. And if she had to die, she wanted it to be with him. The paralysis left her, and she stumbled toward him, sobbing, reaching out to clutch him tightly. She felt his arm around her as he held her with his body between her and the noise and violence. But she was stubborn, as stubborn as he was. She twisted, and then they faced it together. The wolf was down. It was lying on its back, and although its fur was too dark to show the blood, a red pool gathered beneath it. The white cat stood above it, jaws gaping inches from the vulnerable black throat. But the death-dealing bite to the neck didn't come. Instead the tiger raised its head to look at Stefan and Elena. But the death-dealing bite to the neck didn't come. Instead the tiger raised its head to look at Stefan and Elena. The whiskers were straight and slender, like silver wires. Its fur was pure white, striped with faint marks like unburnished gold. White and gold, she thought, remembering the owl in the barn. And that stirred another memory†¦ of something she'd seen†¦ or something she'd heard about†¦ With a heavy swipe, the cat sent the flashlight flying out of Stefan's hand. Elena heard him hiss in pain, but she could no longer see anything in the blackness. Where there was no light at all, even a hunter was blind. Clinging to him, she waited for the pain of the killing blow. But suddenly her head was reeling; it was full of gray and spinning fog and she couldn't hold on to Stefan. She couldn't think; she couldn't speak. The floor seemed to be dropping away from her. Dimly, she realized that Power was being used against her, that it was overwhelming her mind. She felt Stefan's body giving, slumping, falling away from her, and she could no longer resist the fog. She fell forever and never knew when she hit the ground.

Cultural context of the play Essay

How does Miller use the character of Alfieri to involve the audience and illustrate the cultural context of the play? Alfieri is used in a multitude of ways by Miller to help the play at various stages. He is a character in the play, which other characters interact with, however, he is displaced somewhat because he comments on the goings on of the play, expands on what has happened to make it clearer to the audience, links scenes together and to a certain extent takes the role of a narrator. The character of Alfieri as a lawyer is wisely chosen. Lawyers at that time were seen as a sign of bad luck as with priests, because they were symbols of the law and â€Å"law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten†. This shows that Alfieri does not always bring good news and often brings about the things that people do not want to hear, like when Eddie goes to him and asks what he can do to get rid of Marco and Alfieri tells him that there is nothing he can do. The majority of characters in this play are immigrants who have tried to make a living by living in America so at one point or another they would have wanted to avoid the law. Alfieri being a lawyer also shows us how he is above the other immigrants as they are still uneducated, living lives of hard labour using colloquiums such as â€Å"yiz† which indicates a lack of control or status. However, Alfieri is educated and now has status. The language he uses is so much more formal than that of Beatrice or Eddie. Although Alfieri have status he may not have real respect, just the grudging respect for his status. Others do not see him as one of them , â€Å"see how uneasily they nod to me†. Realistically, Alfieri is the only one of them who has achieved the American Dream, worked his way form poverty to having a good life. Arthur Miller himself was the son of an immigrant and he supported himself through college by working on the docks, so he knew where to come from when writing about the hardships and unreliability of living a life like Eddies. In the area and time that the play is set, the rules of community, the code of honour, is more important than the state laws. Disobeying these unwritten laws and betraying the community could result in ostracization. As with Romeo and Juliet this play features people breaking the family laws, then being suitably punished for it. The issues in this play are ones that have been studied before and will be used again due to the fact that they are still relevant. You will always have people that want to do something that is not against the law but going against traditions in their communities and will often cause them a worse fate then if they were breaking a state law. People can relate to disobeying these community rules. Alfieri’s prologue introduces the play. He sets the scene and tells us a bit about the history and culture of where the play is set, where men where â€Å"justly shot by unjust men†. He also says in his epilogue that people now â€Å"settle for half†¦ we are quite civilized, quite American†. With statements like that you can tell that uncivilized things are going to happen. The opposite of how people are now will come out, the real them. Alfieri also tells us that what we are about to see is not just an ordinary one of his cases, and not simply the â€Å"petty troubles of the poor†. Not only in Alfieri’s prologue does he give us hints to what will happen in the play. Ina act one when Eddie goes to Alfieri and asks what he can do to get Rodolpho out, Alfieri says that Eddie must let go of Catherine and let her live her own life â€Å"because after all -what other way can it end? † he is almost predicting that if Eddies protective behaviour continues then it shall end in a bad way. The epilogue, also delivered by Alfieri helps us to understand things better as well. After all the commotion and high emotions of Eddies death, Alfieri is there, calm and collected as ever and gives us enough of an explanation to get us thinking, but also one that lets us make our own minds up. It offers a sense of rounding off. Alfieri reminds us f why we first liked Eddie, and talks of what a good character he was and how we will all like him far more than Alfieri’s â€Å"sensible clients†. Eddie died because he did what he wanted to and Alfieri can see the strength in this action, however, believes it is â€Å"better to settle for half† in order to survive and for there to be peace. Once again, as in the prologue Alfieri is at ease with us the audience. He is relaxed and allowing himself to be honest, to say what he really thinks. Alfieri comments are almost like what you would do to yourself in your head when analyzing or thinking something over. He is going through his thoughts in an almost soliloquy type way. When I went to see the play A View form a Bridge in the Questors theatre in Ealing the role of Alfieri was show to just as much the boob that he was in the svincter . if your happy and you know it clap your hands (clap clap) alice the camel had 95 humps†¦. ride alice ride du du dum cheesh. Im but a little bit bit bit bit show but a little bit bit bit shame but a little bit bit bit , bit bit bit. Peters pepper picked another pickle bearing pussy pepper raaah!!! Vivadixiesubmarine transmitionplot I think that Alfieri is a very good character to have in the play as he manages to fill in all the gaps where extra explanation is needed, such as after scenes. He also acts as an unofficial scene changer, and marks when time has passed or the setting is different. As well as all of this he also points people in the direction of doing things. If it was not for him telling Eddie that the only way he could get rid of Rodolpho was to phone immigration then he would not of thought of it.

Colonial America essays

Colonial America essays Colonial America was a successful establishment in less than a hundred years. The first official census of the United States was 3,900,000 in 1790. Most of the population came from a high birthrate from the settlers; while the other half of the population came from the intense immigration of slaves. While the settlers came in hope of a better life, their goals could not be reached without hard work, work that they were not accustomed to. This called for the need of slavery. Captured Native Americans were also used as slaves, but that eventually did not work anymore. With no one else working on the land, the colonists needed major help. Slavery was one of the most important reasons people moved to colonial America. Slaves were imported mostly from West Africa, and they had no choice but to do what they were told. But the slaves obviously did not work for themselves. They worked for colonists from Europe, mostly England. Colonists started to move to America in hope of living a better life. If your status was not that great in England, coming to America was a chance to improve your status. Colonists were offered land to live and work on, and there was lots of land to be distributed so living expenses would also be a lot cheaper. This gave the lower-class better opportunities for a better life. Also, if you were an indentured servant, after you serve your time, you were given land of your own and no longer worked for anyone but yourself. Another reason why so many people to moved to America was because England was overpopulated. They forced Englishmen off the land and exported them to America. But England did not export their good men; they exported poor people, and prisoners (mostly all lower classes). England felt that they needed to get people off their land because if the population continued to grow, it could lead to disasters for the country. So people came to Colonial America for various reasons, whether it be f...

How Non-Profit Content Marketing Became a Year-Long Internal Win

How Non-Profit Content Marketing Became a Year-Long Internal Win We usually look at blogging and content marketing as an external benefit. It brings in traffic, creates our platform, establishes our expertise, and hopefully generates leads. But we cant forget: blogging is  for the writer  as much as it is for the reader. I hadnt considered how that would also apply to a team, and not just the individual. I was surprised to learn how non-profit content marketing could benefit an organization internally. I spoke with Scott from the North Dakota Interagency Program for Assistive Technology  (NDIPAT), a non-profit organization that matches people with disabilities with technology that can help them live life independently. Recently, their entire team took on the challenge of executing a content marketing plan for a year. How did that year turn out? I sat down with him and asked him about their journey, and their progress. Julie: Was it difficult to get your team to blog? Scott: Not really. We all knew the importance of blogging. Plus wed been doing a newsletter for a long time – bi-monthly over ten years – so this was a natural transition for us. Blogging lets us get more content out more regularly. The biggest challenge is that we have five bloggers spread out in two geographic locations. We dont really have a difficult time coming up with ideas. Narrowing down ideas is where its hard. Were trying to get the right content mix for the blog. Julie: What have you seen happen with your team as you worked on blogging together? Scott: From our standpoint, blogging provides a way for us to research topics, and understand things better.  It gives us an internal resource to go back to for reference. One person does the work of researching and writing a post, and we all benefit from it. Our entire team is building a great resource to use. Our blog is right up at the top, now. Weve been holding steady with our content. Julie: What are the success youre seeing from your blogging? Scott: There have been several instances of people contacting us about something they read on our blog, saying that they didnt know there was a solution for them until they read our blog posts. People have also called us and asked us questions based on blog posts. Were being more proactive as far as assistive technology within the state, in terms of how were blogging. One state does a podcast that they are known for, but their blogging is lessening. Our blog is right up at the top, now. Weve been holding steady with our content. SEO is important, too, and consistently our blog posts are up at the top on general key terms in the assistive technology field. Hitting the first or second page within a few days of a post going live is a big deal, I think. It means Google is coming back often if its appearing that soon. Hitting the first or second page within a few days of a post going live is a big deal. Julie: Do you ever consider not blogging any more? Scott: Weve never thought about stopping blogging, though weve changed our frequency, from three posts to two posts per week, due to staff changes. I dont know if well go back to three, but weve never considered ending our blogging. Its not an option. When we started, we were going to do a year for sure, and now that weve done that, and written over 100 posts, were going to keep going. Its just too valuable to stop, especially internally. It really is. Its almost like continuing education for you and your staff. Each writer has to do the research and writing, and then let the rest of staff read it. Its a professional growth piece for our staff, each time they write a blog post. With our field the way it is, our research happens online. Thats where the information is at, and its vast–no one has the same disability and needs. Individuals are unique, so finding a solution is unique. Thats why finding information and being able to share it is important. We can cover topics from so many angles for a larger audience.

Deuteronomy 1-18 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Deuteronomy 1-18 - Essay Example It is therefore the Lord has declared man to be His image and glory (1 Corinthians 11:7). As a result, man’s relation to God looks for worshipping the Lord exclusively and complying with all the commandments manifestly described in the Scriptures. Book of Deuteronomy manifestly recounts the bounties of the Lord upon the Israelites, throughout the discussion, and in return requires His worship on the one side, and instructs them to be committed, dedicated and loyal towards Him on the other. Hence, the Biblical teachings in general and the Book of Deut in particular, clearly believe in monotheism, and preach the same to the Israelites that the Scripture does not allow having even the least suspicion about the singularity of divinity or monotheism altogether. The Old Testament (OT) reveals the very reality that since the House of Jacob is the favorite nation of the Lord, the Israelites should be the spiritual leader of the entire world in order to spread the holy message of the Lord to all human beings. Moreover, Almighty God had multiplied them many times from the era of their patriarchs onward (Deuteronomy 1:10-11); consequently, they became equivalent to the stars of heaven for multitude. He is the Lord, Who is actually the God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward (Deut10:17). Thus, since Almighty God is the God of all the gods and lords, all creatures are bound to worship Him only, and for seeking His support for obtaining worldly and eternal bliss eventually. In addition, God had promised the Israelites of blessing the wise men among them with power to rule over the world (Deut 1:13-15). As a result, the generations of the Israelites, beginning from King Joseph, ruled over Egypt for several decades till they turned their backs to the word of God, and thus were deprived of their previous

Educational Strategies for Dyslexic students Essay

Educational Strategies for Dyslexic students - Essay Example Dyslexia is found to cause extreme depression to the affected individual as he understands his inabilities and deficiency in sharp contrast to the other consummate all-rounders around him. It can greatly reduce a person's confidence as one's extreme efforts may even seem futile when normal competitors toil not even as much and achieve better results. This study shows that with the right learning techniques and an added amount of struggle, along with individual attention of a patient helper, dyslexic children can overcome this problem to a great extent in their formative years. Almost every other school teacher finds at least one incidence of dyslexia in their life-long teaching experience. Teachers often witness cases of extraordinary students suffer from acute stress in class, extreme low self-esteem and a general distrust of the world. It is quite likely they are suffering from a learning disability disorder called Dyslexia. Affected individuals, particularly those unaware of their disorder, are prone to extreme depression and suicidal tendencies which proves them to be a persistent challenge for not only the parents but also the teachers as they require more attention than the other typically developing children. Dyslexia is now declared by Psychologists to be a common learning disability that is characteristic of severe reading impairment without any physiological or psychological problems. No proven cause has been found for dyslexia except that it is surely innate.Dyslexia is a high-incidence disorder among people from all cultures, ethnic groups and socio-economic backgrounds. A tough challenge for school teachers, childhood dyslexia is found in children as a continuous difficulty in writing and reading, both lexically (confusing word meaning) or grammatically (confusing writing rules and word order), of printed words which hinders their reading capabilities. Dyslexia is a genetic neurological problem which affects both men and women equally regardless of their intelligence and is symptomized by frequent aggression, early hearing problems, embarrassment, irritability, headaches, difficulty sleeping, fingernail biting, loss of appetite, bed wetting etc. School is particularly a special challenge for dyslexic children, where so much of their day is focused on dealing with text. Their confusion with vowel sounds, letter reversals (such as 'b' for 'd', or 'p' for 'q') or the inability to write symbols in the correct sequence (such as 'tar' for 'rat') affect their comprehension of the content taught at school in great contrast to t heir typically developing classmates. Various attempts to strategize effective educational practices for these special children have brought about fruitful results when put into application at different schools. Following is a case study of a dyslexic child assigned to a single teacher, who with sufficient attention and appreciation of the teacher, along with his added amount of struggle was able to achieve second place in a class of normal students. Sam, when diagnosed with

Self-Presentation and Gender on Social Networking Sites Research Paper

Self-Presentation and Gender on Social Networking Sites - Research Paper Example These sites allow the users’ to create a profile that reflects their identity. A study by Magnuson and Dundes (2008) about the MySpace Profiles for 51 females and 49 males revealed that women had a better self presentation profiles on MySpace than men. Also they were more active that the males. The studies also revealed that although females dominate the social network sites, they have to depend on others for their sense of self as they do traditionally depend on the male in their families. A similar study by Manago et.al. (2008) revealed that social networking sites were a means to explore one’s own identity, engage into social comparison and express idealised aspects of selves they had dreamt to be. This paper tries to identify the ways in which males and females present themselves online in the social networking environment. The paper also intends to check if culture influences self presentation of genders in social networking. Keywords: Social Networking Sites, Gend er Difference, Self-Presentation Self-Presentation and Gender on Social Networking Sites Self-presentation is a very important aspect of today’s globalised world. According to Leary (1996) â€Å"Self-presentation is kind of impression management, which is the management of other’s impressions of a social unit such as people or organisation† (p. 17). ... Thus this subject has also attracted researchers to the study the gender differences in self-presentation on these sites. A study by Kornblum (2006) revealed the exploded popularity of these SNSs with users numbering to hundreds of millions in the recent years. However self-presentation on SNSs differs from face-to-face self-presentation. Self-presentation on SNSs differs because one can â€Å"inspect, edit and revise† one’s self presentation before it is available to others (Walther, Slovacek & Tidwell, 2001, p.110). These sites proclaim to help people get connected and share with the people in their lives. Thus SNSs create a real-life social network for people online. Although the SNSs are a replica of a real-life social network but the environment provided by the SNSs differs greatly from real life (cited in Hinduja and Patchin, 2008, p. 127). The studies have revealed that several people have 1000 other people on their friend list which is nearly impossible in the r eal life. These SNSs provide people with unique opportunities to stay connected to more people than they might otherwise have and to be able to know in their real lives. Also people can construct any kind of image about themselves that they would like to portrait to the people on their friend list. The self-presentation on these SNSs allows the users to construct an audience as they can add or remove friends from their social network in just seconds, with no more efforts but just a click on the mouse. Past research suggests that these SNSs are most popular among adolescents as it allows them to experiment with their identity. Research also suggests that adolescent girls use SNSs more than the adolescent boys as it

Human Resource Information System

Human Resource Information System This paper generates propositions analyzing the association between Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) and the reliance, pharmaceutical industry places in the technology and models the effect of those associations on HRIS implementation success. It gives information about the human resource management at different levels and how the information technology is used in human resource department to fulfill all its functions with ease. It also gives information about the aspects that help in effective and optimal use of Human Resource Management system and effectiveness in integrating the HR activities with IT. It gives the idea of the uses of different modules of HRMS and other software related to Human resource management. It says about the margins of error and the performance level of current HRMS. It provides with the clues about the challenges faced by most of the pharmaceutical companies in which HRMS assists them to successfully deal with it. It enlightens the pros cons and the outcomes of usage of human resource information system used in pharmaceutical industries. This system adds value to the Human Resource functions but also changes the competencies that define the winning of human resource professionals. This paper also generates the importance of HRIS in Novartis International AG. It also explains its various challenges while implementing the system in the company. Introduction The main use of technology advancement in the corporate has driven the change of means, needs and styles of working. When advanced work effectiveness and output, falling in line with time management agendas and devotion to punctuality guidelines, there are more profits to employees effectively, and best utilization of available resources and a successful deal with corporate. The term, Human Resource Management System (HRMS) or Human Resource Information System (HRIS), matches to all the features in the business system. HRMS is the procedure engaged by the combination of better ways of technological development with conventional ways of the human resource mode of functioning. A Human Resource Management System or Human Resource Information System (HRIS) or HR system is the systems and processes between human resource management (HRM) and information technology (IT). HRM is a discipline which blends its basic HR functions and processes with the information technology. HRMS software was provided by the PeopleSoft.Inc. Earlier, most of the administrative jobs constituted tiresome practice of manual paperwork like determining payroll, tracing data, conserving the collection of database, maintaining and evaluating productivity records, keeping employee personal information, addressing issues and resolving conflicts and scrutinizing employee welfare schemes have now become a simple, time-saving and cost-saving process. There are other functions such as monitoring and retrieving periodic employee performance, planning, controlling and coordinating activities, organizing tables, figures and statistics and evaluating them. This technology is used as a device to make the work environment simple, standardized and user-friendly. Importance of Information System to HR Better safety Better service Competitive Advantage Fewer Errors Greater Accuracy Improved Communication Increased Efficiency Increased Productivity More efficient administration More opportunities Reduced labor requirements Reduced costs Superior managerial decision making Superior control The Human Resources Department needed more management-level information and support to encounter all the expectations. These practices have now begun to branch into the different trends that makeup many organizations today. The huge part of human resources is now E-business. Many companies have implemented a web-based system known as the Oracle Human Resources Management System which helps data access through centralized core HRMS system, enabling companies to control and measure their workforce potentials and allows them to manage risk by recording and monitoring compliance with statutory, regulatory, and industry requirements relating to their employees. The stronger use of technology has allowed HRM professionals to invest more time in counselling, selecting, and coaching managers and front-line supervisors. History of HRIS 1950s virtually non-existent 1960s only a select few 1970s greater need 1980s HRIS a reality in many organizations 1990s Numerous vendors, specialties Aspects helping in effective and optimum use of HRIS HRIS is useful for the employees according to their needs. It can be accessible by adding or modifying the modules and also by offering different facilities to them. Also, HRMS is The best means by which the employees of different departments within the company can communicate. It gives information to support and analyze the companys continuous development. It establishes the level of knowledge which is helpful for upgrading the process and research-based practices. It creates the companys planning agenda and defines its decision making process. It Verifies validates the companys mission statement. Effectiveness in integrating the HR activities with IT To prevent from moderating data and viewing information, a role based security is designed. To make the functionalities easy, various functional roles are available which provides ways of data recording, forwarding, reporting and authorizing. It helps to record and view information for different plant, locations, department and employee. HRIS have different segments categorized as modules like payroll module, HR management module, training module, employee self-service module, etc. The maintenance work consumes less effort due to its different way of designing. Uses of different modules There are different types of HR modules in Human Resource Information System, and they are as follows: Payroll module: This module mechanizes the pay process and calculates different deductions and taxes, by gathering information on employee presence and their work timings. It helps to generate periodic pay checks and employee tax reports. For calculating automatic deposit and manual checks, data is generally available from the human resource department. It contains all employee-related dealings as well as all the information is combined with financial management systems. Benefits administration module: Employee benefits programs such as encompass insurance, compensation, profit sharing and retirement of the employees are being tracked and managed by this system for the organizations. HR management module: This module covers different aspects from application to retirement. All the basic information of the employees such as their demographics, address data, selection, training and development, capabilities, skills, compensation records and other functions are recorded with the help of this module. This module helps the system to offer the facility to read applications and enter appropriate data to specific database fields, informs employers and helps to provide position management and control which are not in use. Human resource management systems work is mainly the job placement, recruitment, training, compensation, evaluation and developments of the people working in the company. Mainly, industries use computer based information systems to create pay checks and payroll results; to maintain personnel records and information of the employees; and training and developing the employees. ATS module: Nowadays, online recruiting has become very popular as the key method of employment by the human resource department. This helps in gathering potential and eligible candidates for the available positions in a company. ATS module generally helps in the following ways: It investigates personnel usage in a company ; recognizes potential applicants for the available positions; It helps in recruiting through company-facing entries; It provides help in hiring through online recruiting sites or publications which is marketed to both recruiters and applicants. Training module: It offers the system for the companies to help in managing and tracking employee training and growth efforts. This system is generally known as a Learning Management System and it is a stand-alone, that permits the HR to track all the information of the employees regarding their education, qualifications and skills, as well as recording their training courses ,books, CDs, etc. whichever are available to improve their skills in different areas. Thereafter the employees are registered for the appropriate courses which are offered at a particular dates with specific sessions, with delegates and training resources by which they are being recorded and managed within the same system. The learning management system helps the managers in approving training, budgeting and arranging together with performance management and appraisal metrics. Employee Self-Service module: This module is useful for the employees of the companies to ask question to the human resource about HR related information. They can also perform HR transactions through the system such as querying about their attendance records from the system without asking the HR personnel. This module also provides service to let the upper managers approve overtime requests from their subordinates without disturbing the functions of HR department. Benefits to the Employees The ways in which employees can be benefited by the HRMS are as follows: Identification of employees key skills for retention excellence. Automated and precise performance appraisals promote healthy relations. Expedite employees recruiting process. Multitude data pulling from single entry can cut in various reports. Helps building a successful environment where employees strive to perform well and exceeding their goals. A collegial flexible work place, Employee input in to how the work gets done, trust in senior management and lack of hierarchy flexible work arrangement. Web-based management system can streamline improvement plans by collaborating creation, implementation and monitoring phases. Help manage workforce and resources. Focuses and aligns staff development and resources. The margins of error The margin of error for the HRIS system is very minimal. The HRIS system maintains and updates its form of modifications or additions of HR modules on a regular basis. The performance level of this system is ideal. Unique areas where the pharmaceutical company uses HRMS effectively The HRMS system, implemented in various pharmaceutical companies, is highly sophisticated and provided with latest versions. Consultants who are expertise in making the software, seeks suggestions and advice on the implementation of the HRIS software in their own company. All the pharmaceutical companies customize its HRIS as per the needs and requirements of the personnel and staff. The unique areas where the pharmaceutical company uses the HRMS effectively are: It contains all the personal information of the employees such as their training, experience, education, leave, job description, pay description at a single point of access. All the information about the leave allocation and movement can be easily drawn with the help of it. It helps in searching appropriate applicants for the available vacancies and in the interviewing process. It is also helpful in managing the insurance of the employees easily. It is important for the growth of the employees which are under their respective training given for their skill development. It is helpful in development of the employees performance appraisal system. It is also helpful in managing all the policy documents at a single source depository. It is also used to do online survey about the companys environment by the employees. By the help of this software, an employee gets the benefit of suggesting any useful advice for the companys well-being. It facilitates with an extra benefit to the employee by notifying about the urgent and critical notices or important messages from a single point. It gives an access to collect opinions easily, fast and with security and confidentiality companywide. It can be used as a budget allocation and consumption tool. The long term benefits The HRMS software is a customized tool and due to this reason, it had very high level of flexibility and the company gets the advantage of adding more features and HR modules according to their specific needs of the management and employees. This provides the company to communicate the employees with their respective departments even better day-by-day. Recently online HRMS newsletter is introduced which enables the employees to share news and information. Through this, it is involving the employees to participate in sharing and gaining knowledge and capabilities with the other departments of the company. Reasons why HRIS fails sometimes Unclear goals/objectives System solves the wrong problem Improper vendor/product selection Low user involvement Planning overlooks impact on clerical procedures Lack of HR/functional expertise in designing Underestimate conversion effort Management- unrealistic expectations Lack of overall plan for record management Lack of flexibility and adaptability Misinterpret HR specifications Poor communication between HR/IS Inadequate testing The HRIS software is sold by different vendors. Some of the contacts of the vendors are PeopleSoft, Oracle HR Applications, Ascentis Software, Eric Systems Inc., Infinium, and Spectrum. Novartis international AG case Now, lets take the case analysis of Novartis International AG. It is a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland with 140 branches worldwide. Around 100,000 associates work in this company. This company manufactures drugs such as diclofenac, carbamazepine, letrozole, methylphenidate, etc. There were various issues that Novartis faced regarding its Human Resource System. Some of the issues are as follows: Significant priority of the company was to implement a firm wide HRIS that would convert many of transaction-based HR core processes to an internet-based system. HRIS project was an integral part of Novartis long term strategy for improving overall HR service delivery to the organization that would result in a full HR transformation. A gap in the infrastructure priority was the lack of a global HR information system. Managers in the company were unable to figure out quickly how many HR associates were working at Novartis. Lack of number of associates within the company to fill the leadership position. The existing IT systems within Novartis were not up to mark. Centralization or standardization of HR data. No consistent standards. No consolidated database. Difficult in supporting in the businesses in identifying, moving, and tracking talent. Multiple fragmented systems. Exposure for many small vendors with non-integrated niche application. Exposure to legal/regulatory non-compliance. Employees are feeling stretched because of initial post-merger integration. The top internal issue is little centralization or standardization of HR data. The company operated in 140 different countries. Due to lack of HRIS in the company, the company has many loop holes such as no consistent standards, no consolidated database, and no ability to provide data in form to reflect their matrix structure whereas has difficulty in supporting the business in identifying, moving and tracking talent etc. So, with the implementation of new HRIS, the company will be able to solve the problem easily and allow the managers and HR professionals to respond to the business challenges. The top external issue is the Shifting of HR role from functional expert and transaction processor to strategic partner and change agent. The implementation of HRIS system will enable the HR transformation. It will cut down most of the administrative activities of the HR managers leading to be an evolution of the basic role of HR in the company. There will be requirement of more skilled and professional HR associates who can act as a strategic business partner and change agent. Major challenges faced by Novartis in implementation of the HRIS: 1. The HRIS effort represented a major transformation in the fundamental role and responsibilities of the HR function within Novartis. 2. The new system changed the relationships of HR professionals with their business partners. 3. HR associates expected to play a more strategic, consultative role to the business. 4. Technical challenges for system implementation such as web enabling, SAP R/3 -a core transaction processing system, SAP business warehouse (BW), an enterprise HR portal solution etc. Competencies needed by the HR professionals at Novartis for using HRIS The HR professionals at Novartis should have more human resource knowledge; understand their business and its language. They must have expertise in staffing, development, compensation, etc. They must be able to deliver innovative HR practices that add value to the company. HR professionals need to be effective, able to detect trends and early signals and initiate flexibility in fast changing environment. With implementation of HRIS, the HR professionals have to be a technology expert to deliver services to employees and help them to understand the new system. They must be proficient in using technology to collect data and producing it more strategically valuable information. Hence, HRIS is very essential in the companies all over the world providing better safety, competitive advantage, fewer errors, greater accuracy, improved communication, increased efficiency and productivity and reduced labor requirements.